What to Know About Updated COVID Vaccines for 2024–25 | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2024)

Amid an unexpectedly large surge of summer COVID infections in the U.S., and with the fall/winter virus season around the corner, updated COVID vaccines have arrived.

COVID vaccines are one of the best and safest ways to protect against severe illness and hospitalization. Updated COVID vaccines are chosen to target the variants currently circulating and are recommended for everyone 6 months of age and older.

In this Q&A, Andy Pekosz, PhD, a professor in Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, discusses who the updated vaccine is recommended for, when to get yours, whether it’s safe to get it alongside other seasonal vaccines.

What’s new about this year’s updated COVID vaccines?

The updated mRNA COVID vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer are based on the KP.2 strain, one of the FLiRT variants that have been spreading since early spring. These variants and their sub-variants have caused the majority of infections during this summer’s COVID wave.

Who should be getting an updated COVID vaccine?

Everyone 6 months and older should get vaccinated against COVID, according to the CDC’s recommendations.

For children ages 6 months to 4 years: Vaccination is recommended, but the number of vaccinations is based on which vaccine they receive, their age, and whether they’ve received a previous COVID vaccine. Parents and guardians should refer to CDC guidance and check with their pediatrician to see what’s recommended for their child.

For people ages 5 years and up: One dose of the updated COVID vaccine is recommended, regardless of whether they’ve been vaccinated previously. If someone has received a COVID vaccine recently, they should wait at least two months before getting the updated one for this season.

According to updated CDC guidelines, individuals who are immunocompromised may receive additional doses with their health care provider’s guidance.

When is the best time to get vaccinated?

This summer’s surge has been larger and lasted longer than many experts anticipated, making it a little trickier than years past to determine the best time to get vaccinated.

People who have not had COVID in the past few months have a couple options:

  • Get the updated COVID vaccine as soon as it’s available(late August, early September) to protect yourself as the wave of summer infections continues.
  • Get the updated COVID vaccine around mid-October to build protection in time for the rise of cases that typically occur around November through January.

People at higher risk of severe illness should consider getting an updated COVID vaccine as soon as possible. Everyone who is eligible should get an updated COVID vaccine by mid-October in order to build immunity ahead of holiday travel and gatherings. Remember, it takes about two weeks to build up immunity following a vaccine, so schedule your vaccination accordingly.

How long does protection last after I'm vaccinated?

Broadly speaking, the COVID vaccine provides strong protection against infection for up to three months and protection against severe disease out to six months. That said, there are a lot of variables that can affect duration and strength of protection, including any new variants that may emerge and how different they are from the vaccine formulation.

If I had COVID recently, when should I get the updated vaccine?

If you’ve had COVID this summer, you’ll have strong infection-based immunity and can wait a few months after your infection before getting the vaccine. According to the CDC, you can wait three months since your symptoms began or, for asymptomatic cases, since you first tested positive.

There’s some evidence to support waiting as long as six months after a COVID infection to receive an updated vaccine. Waiting longer than the CDC’s guidance of three months is not recommended for high-risk groups, but it’s something people can discuss with their doctor.

How should I choose which COVID vaccine to get?

Between the two mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer, there is no reason to get one over the other. They target the same KP.2 variant, are similarly effective, and elicit similar side effects.

Is the COVID vaccine free?

The COVID vaccine is free under most health insurance plans and Medicare.

If you don’t have insurance to cover the cost of the COVID vaccine, look for vaccination clinics run by your local or state health department. Children under 18 may also be eligible to get a free COVID vaccine through the CDC’s Vaccines for Children Program.

You can find local pharmacies offering COVID vaccines at Vaccines.gov or by contacting your health care provider or local health department.

Are there any side effects to the updated COVID vaccine?

The common side effects are the same as with previous COVID vaccines. Symptoms like soreness at the injection site, achiness or joint pain, fatigue, slight fever, chills, or nausea are normal and not cause for concern. These side effects are a sign that your body is mounting an immune response—exactly what it’s supposed to do following a vaccine. Side effects generally subside within a day or two.

If I haven’t gotten any COVID vaccines yet, can I start with this one?

If you’ve never been vaccinated against COVID, now is a great time to start. People 5 years of age and older are considered up to date on COVID vaccination once they receive one dose of an updated mRNA COVID vaccine.

How well does the vaccine protect against the variants currently circulating?

The vaccine is a close match to variants currently circulating and provides good protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. While KP.2 is not causing a significant number of infections, the most prevalent variants circulating right now are very closely related to them. The vaccine will never be a perfect match to the circulating variants because it takes 2-4 months to make the vaccine, and during that time the virus continues to change as it infects people.

Is vaccine-induced immunity better than immunity from infection?

Vaccine-induced immunity is better because it’s safer. When you get infected with COVID, symptoms from the infection wreak havoc on your body. Whether or not you’ve been infected or vaccinated previously, the updated COVID vaccine is going to strengthen your immune responses to high levels and do so in a safe way.

Can I still get COVID if I’m vaccinated?

People who are vaccinated can still get COVID, but it is much more likely they will experience mild symptoms. Vaccinated people are much less likely to experience severe illness or get so sick that they need to be hospitalized. Data continue to show that those who are hospitalized with COVID are largely people who have not received a COVID vaccine within the past 12 months.

Particularly for people at higher risk of severe COVID, vaccination is an essential tool for reducing COVID complications, hospitalization, and death.

Can you get the flu shot and the COVID vaccine at the same time?

Yes! In fact, studies have shown that people who decide to spread out their vaccines into separate appointments often don’t follow through with getting both. We’ve also seen that the immune response generated by each vaccine does not change based on whether they are administered at the same time or separately.

It’s important to remember that many of the same populations at high risk of experiencing severe illness from COVID are also at high risk of severe influenza. Especially for these vulnerable populations, it’s a good idea to time your vaccines together.

When might we see a combined COVID and flu vaccine?

Some vaccine manufacturers have been working on developing a combined vaccine for COVID and flu, but we’re not there yet. We certainly won’t see a combined vaccine this year. It’s possible one will be ready in time for fall 2025, but we won’t know for sure until more clinical trial results are available.

Aliza Rosen is a digital content strategist in the Office of External Affairs at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Related Articles:

  • Understanding the CDC’s Updated COVID Isolation Guidance
  • What to Know About COVID FLiRT Variants
  • The Long History of mRNA Vaccines
What to Know About Updated COVID Vaccines for 2024–25 | Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (2024)

FAQs

Is the 2024 COVID vaccine safe? ›

Yes. The 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine is safe and recommended for people who are trying to get pregnant and people who are pregnant or are breastfeeding.

Is the COVID vaccine safe in Johns Hopkins? ›

COVID-19 Vaccine Safety — What We Know

The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are strongly recommended as safe and effective at preventing serious illness or death from COVID-19. From December 2020 to December 2021, about 470 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine have been given in the U.S.

What are the side effects of the new COVID vaccine? ›

Common side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, body aches and headaches.

How long does protection from the COVID vaccine last? ›

How long does the COVID vaccine last? Studies suggest COVID vaccines are most effective in the first few months following your shot. That's why when health experts recommend boosters or updated doses, they're usually given three to four months after your last COVID shot.

What are the CDC recommendations for the COVID vaccine in 2024? ›

ACIP, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, had already voted to recommend them at its June meeting. A dose of the updated 2024-2025 COVID vaccine is recommended for everyone six months and older.

Is there a new strain of COVID in 2024? ›

As of September 17, 2024, the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants KP.2, KP.2.3, KP.3 and KP.3.1.1, as well as LB.1, have high prevalence in the United States.

What are the cons of the COVID vaccine? ›

In rare cases, getting a COVID-19 vaccine can cause an allergic reaction. Symptoms of a life-threatening allergic reaction can include: Breathing problems. Fast heartbeat, dizziness or weakness.

Where can I get the COVID-19 vaccine? ›

Abu Dhabi
No.LocationAppointment
15SEHA COVID-19 Vaccination Center - Abu Dhabi (Zayed Port)SEHA App or call 80055
16Burjeel Hospital LLCBook an Appointment
17Burjeel Medical Center - ShamkhaBook an Appointment
18Burjeel Medical Center - ShahamaBook an Appointment
67 more rows

What are the side effects of the 5th COVID booster? ›

Side Effects of Moderna Booster
  • Chills.
  • Fatigue.
  • Headache.
  • Injection-site redness and swelling.
  • Muscle or joint pain.
  • Pain.
Aug 4, 2024

What medications should be avoided before the COVID-19 vaccine? ›

Over-the-counter medicines, such as aspirin, antihistamines, or acetaminophen, may help relieve fever, pain, or discomfort after getting vaccinated—but should not be used before getting vaccinated.

Which has worse side effects, Pfizer or Moderna? ›

This finding is consistent with prior evidence that adverse effects are more frequent in patients who receive the Moderna vaccine than in those receiving the Pfizer vaccine.

Is the 2024 COVID vaccine effective? ›

What to Know About the Updated COVID Vaccine for Fall, Winter 2024–25. The updated COVID vaccine provides safe, effective protection against current variants for everyone 6 months and older.

What are COVID symptoms in 2024? ›

What are the latest COVID symptoms to look for?
  • Runny nose.
  • Cough.
  • Sore throat.
  • Fever.
  • Chills.
  • Body aches.
  • Fatigue.
Aug 7, 2024

How many doses of COVID vaccine should I have? ›

People ages 12 years and older

1 dose of the 2024–2025 Moderna COVID-19 vaccine OR. 1 dose of the 2024–2025 Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine OR. 1 dose of the 2024–2025 Novavax vaccine unless you are receiving a COVID-19 vaccine for the very first time.

What are the symptoms of COVID FLiRT 2024? ›

Symptoms and the duration of illness from COVID FLiRT infection are similar to earlier strains of the virus. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, body aches, chills, congestion, cough, runny nose, sore throat, headache, loss of taste and/or smell. Some people may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms.

What is the future of mRNA vaccine? ›

Penn Medicine is home to the breakthrough messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) technology that enabled the highly successful COVID-19 vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech. Now the path is set for a whole new class of mRNA vaccines with the potential to eradicate countless other diseases, even cancer.

How long does COVID immunity last? ›

Once you have had COVID-19, your immune system responds in several ways. This immune response can protect you against reinfection for several months, but this protection decreases over time. People with weakened immune systems who get an infection may have a limited immune response or none at all.

Top Articles
Latest Posts
Recommended Articles
Article information

Author: Tyson Zemlak

Last Updated:

Views: 5431

Rating: 4.2 / 5 (63 voted)

Reviews: 86% of readers found this page helpful

Author information

Name: Tyson Zemlak

Birthday: 1992-03-17

Address: Apt. 662 96191 Quigley Dam, Kubview, MA 42013

Phone: +441678032891

Job: Community-Services Orchestrator

Hobby: Coffee roasting, Calligraphy, Metalworking, Fashion, Vehicle restoration, Shopping, Photography

Introduction: My name is Tyson Zemlak, I am a excited, light, sparkling, super, open, fair, magnificent person who loves writing and wants to share my knowledge and understanding with you.